GE = Genetically Engineered, which is exactly the same as
GMO = Genetically Modified.

The latter term was invented by PR firms when it was realized that genetic engineering underscored the fact that the plants were artifcially manipulated. The idea was to create a term that would create less suspicion and doubts among consumers. We use GE because we find it unjustified to support the attempts of PR firms to manipulate the public to believe that genetic engineering is just a harmless modification of food organisms.

To get an idea of the site as a whole, you can do the Site Tour

• "What is genetic engineering?"[EL].  A brief and simple introduction to genetics and genetic engineering.
• "Whose genes?" [EL] - An exellent pedagogical text about genes and genetic engineering for children with nice comic strip illustrations. Also a grown up who forgot most about genes and biology would enjoy it and get a comfortable introduction.
• "How are genes engineered?" [ML]. A brief description.
• New! "The cell - a miracle of cooperation" [EL] Gives an idea of how cells work and how little science know about how DNA regulates it.
• Link to a good DNA picture with a brief introduction to chromsomes and DNA (you can resize the window)[ML]
• Link to a very good pedagogical introduction to chromosomes and DNA [ML]
• Knowledge of the hereditary substance, DNA, is very limited [ML]The function of only 3 percent of DNA is known.

• Key document 1: Is there sufficient scientific knowledge to ensure safe commercial exploitation of genetically engineered foods?   [ML] A review of the deficiencies of present knowledge.
• New! Key document 2: Independent Scientists Panel (ISP) refutes genetic engineering. [AL] A panel of independent scientists , including members of PSRAST, has made a very comprehensive scientific document evaluating all the safety problems of genetic engineering in an impartial way. An excellent scientific reference document. Published in June 2003.
• Brief summary of facts about GE foods  [EL]
• The Promise of Plant Biotechnology - The Threat of Genetically Modified Organisms by Professor Patrick Brown.
• Biotech in trouble A good summary of the increasingly difficult situation of GE food biotechnology. "Given the serious problems that the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) said may occur as thousands of new genetically modified foods are introduced into the U.S. food supply without labels, naturally one wonders about liability insurance for the biotech industry."
• "Misleading arguments commonly used by biotech advocates" [EL]
• Message to investors in Biotechnology. [EL]  For you who wonder if biotech is a good investment.
• What to believe about Genetically Engineered Foods?  [EL] Dr. Jaan Suurküla.
• "Biotech: The Basics". Four articles giving a good idea of the issue (in Rachel's Environmental and health news January-March 2001).
• Why this rapid increase of genetically engineered foods? [EL]. Expansion without scientific justification
• Is it progress to exploit Genetically Engineered food? [EL] Progress of scientific knowledge is one thing. Its application is another thing that requires careful safety investigation.
• The new understanding of genes  [ML] Dr. Jaan Suurküla. The theoretical basis of Genetic Engineering was created over 20 years ago. The present understanding of genetics is different in important respects...
• The selfish commercial gene  [ML] By Dr Robert Mann. A general overview of the problems with GE, especially concerning deficient regulatory procedures, revealing a/o the fallacy of the (pesudo)scientific risk assessments that paved way for regulatory approval of releases.
• Assault of the Frankenfoods [EL] Mr. Mark K. Anderson. A fresh weekly journal article giving a comprehensive picture of the GE issue (May 1999). NOTE: There is an error in the article: It says that PSRAST is a Swedish organization. This is not the case, - it is a global organization.
http://www.thelancet.com/newlancet/sub/issues/vol354no9187/menu_NOD4.html
• Genetically Altering The World's Food [EL] Mr. Peter Montague. A review of the situation in Febr. 1999
• Splicing Away Regulations Down on the Animal Pharm.   [EL]  Dr.Susan Wright. An illuminating review of the history and potential future hazards. Published in "The Nation": :http://www.thenation.com/issue/960311/0311wrig.htm
• Genetically engineered food - Panacea or Pandora's Box?  [EL] Dr. Michael Antoniou
• Genetically engineered food - a serious health risk. [EL] Dr. John B Fagan
• Do the Genes Justify the Means?  [ML] Dr. Pat Cheney
• Can genetic engineering produce crops that increase food production?  [ML] The most common argument for genetic engineering of foods is unsubstantiated.